Subcategories
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EDM
The Electronic Distance Meter uses electromagnetic waves to measure the distance. Originally these used radio waves for the measurements but later models all use laser / infrared light. The EDM originates from surveying but is now also used (in a small package) for home improvement. The optical EDM in surveying is used together with a thedolite and then becomes a tachymeter or total station. In home improvement it replaces the tape measure. Most EDM's in my collection are from Wild Heerbrugg.
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Tapes and chains
The simplest of measuring instruments is the direct reading measuring tape, chain or staff. For surveyors the chain has long been the standard instrument untill being replaced by the tape some decades ago. The measurement distance of tapes and chains seldom exceeds 20 to 30 meters and for longer distances multiple measurements have to be made. When done correctly these can be very accurate. For home improvement the classic (metal) tape is used.
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Stadimeter
The stadimeter is based on the same principle as the sextant. But rather than directly measuring an angle the stadimeter is set-up in such a way that it translates the measured angle into a distance using the height or width of an object.
Depening on the model the angle is measured using a fixed (horizon) mirror with a movable index mirror or using a prism. In both cases the front / bottom of the object is brought in line with the end / top of the same item. The length between the bottom and top (or front and end) of the object is set on the instrument and the length read of from the corresponding scale.
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Micrometer
The micrometer measures very small distances very accurate. Used in engineering for making very precise measurement I have a few in my collection that are used in the reparation and restoration of instruments as well as for general use.
